Article title:
Pathogenetic Mechanisms of the Influence of SARS-COV-2 on the Pathology of the Thyroid Gland (Clinical and Experimental Study)
Authors:
E.Yu. Ziablitskaia , O.R. Khabarov, E.R. Asanova, D.V. Zima, O.F. Bezrukov
For citation:
Ziablitskaia E.Yu. , Khabarov O.R., Asanova E.R., Zima D.V , Bezrukov O.F. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of sars-cov-2 on the pathology of the thyroid gland (clinical and experimental study). Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Pathology (ORLHNP). 2024; 3 (1): 61-64.
Abstract:
In 2022-2024, the study of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases is most relevant due to the increased level of stress and the emergence of various early and late consequences of the past COVID-19 pandemic.The purpose of the study is to study the pathogenetic mechanisms of the influence of SARS-COV- 2 on the pathology of the thyroid gland in a model experiment on laboratory animals and in statistical studies of the structure of morbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In a model experiment on two species of laboratory rodents sensitive to the SARS-COV-2 virus, the morphology and molecular biology of thyroid tissue was studied using histological and immunohistochemical methods. In the clinical part of the work, a retrospective analysis of the structure of the incidence of surgical pathology of the thyroid gland was performed based on diagnostic results at the preoperative and postoperative stages over 4 years (2019-2023). All quantitative data are processed by statistical methods.Results were obtained indicating that, based on the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with COVID-19 often experience symptoms of thyroid dysfunction, thyroiditis associated with antigenic mimicry of the virus and activation of a three-level regulatory axis, cytokine storm, autosensitization leading to damage to thyrocytes and initiating thyroiditis. These patterns were also revealed in a model experiment on humanized B6.Cg-Tg (K18-ACE2) 2 Prlmn Ifnar1- mice (Stock No. 035041, The Jackson Laboratory, USA) and Syrian hamsters sensitive to the virus. A retrospective analysis over a period of 4 years showed an increase in the number of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and toxic goiter, an increase in the percentage of nodular formations requiring surgical intervention, with suspected atypia or with reliable signs of cancer (III-VI categories according to Bethesda) from 8.8% to 16 .6%, an increase in the incidence of papillary cancer by 10.3%.
Thus, against the background of immunosuppressive therapy and the general negative impact on the body of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by this type of coronavirus, it is important to pay close attention to the thyroid gland of patients, an appropriate assessment of low-grade fever and cardiovascular disorders is important, and further fundamental research is advisable to study the long-term consequences of the pandemic on carcinogenesis.
Keywords:
thyroid gland, pathological physiology, SARS-CoV-2 virus, autoimmune thyroiditis